Find a Permanent
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One more note: This list is not totally up-to-date. Some of us (including this author) have created perms (good news!) that have not been added to this list. So for the complete list, search on RUSA Perm Search. For example, the Colorado Front Range SR600 route and my Hawaii routes (admittedly not Colorado routes) are documented on the Colorado Brevets blog (linked to from RUSA Perm Search). |
· What is a Permanent? - A Permanent is like a brevet, but you can schedule with the organizer when to ride it. Some Permanents are offered year 'round; others only during specific seasons. The same rules apply as for riding a brevet, and you have your brevet card validated at checkpoints along the route. Permanents are rides for individuals or small groups of riders. They should not become quasi-brevets. | |
· Procedures to Ride a Permanent - Each Permanent has an "owner" (Organizer), to whom you apply to ride the Permanent on a given date. The Organizer may or may not be the local Regional Brevet Administrator. The Organizer may apply a fee to cover costs. After you complete your ride, you return your brevet card to the Organizer, who submits your result to RUSA for certification. | |
· Before You Ride - Look over the route information below, including the links to map, cue sheet and "info" - IMPORTANT: the RUSA listing link gives you the fee, estimated climbing, seasonal availability, and tells whether the route is point-to-point, can be ridden in reverse, and/or is a free-route permanent. | |
· RUSA Membership - You and everyone riding with you must be a RUSA member to ride a permanent. RMCC membership is not required, but encouraged for local riders. | |
· Awards - Riding a Permanent counts toward RUSA distance awards and the RUSA R-12 award (riding a US randonnée of 200km or longer each month in a year). Riding a Permanent Populaire counts toward RUSA distance awards and the RUSA P-12 award (riding a US randonnée of 100km-199km each month in a year). Permanents do not count towards ACP awards or medals. | |
· Using Permanents as Qualifiers - Some organizers of 1200km Randonnées (such as the Cascade 1200 or the Colorado Last Chance) may allow you to use Permanents to satisfy part of the qualifying requirements. | |
· UMCA Year-Rounder Challenge - Permanents count towards UMCA Year-Rounder Challenge credit as Personal rides. | |
· More Info and More Permanents - See RUSA Permanents Info for full details on Permanents in general, and RUSA Permanents Search for a full index of all RUSA Permanents. | |
· Rules - Please
read the rules carefully before riding. You may also check out the waiver
which you will need to sign before riding. Bonne route! . |
How to Register - To register for a Permanent, select one from the list below and contact its Organizer. The Organizer will agree on a riding date with you, and send you application and waiver. You will need to submit the application and waiver along with any fee. The Organizer will then supply you a brevet card, cue sheet, and other materials. If you are not a RUSA member, you will need to join RUSA prior to your ride. |
Newer Permanents Not Yet Described Below!
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= NEW IN 2010! | = NEW IN 2011! | = NEW IN 2012! | = NEW IN 2013! |
BOULDER - LOUISVILLE - NIWOT | ||
201km
BOULDER |
Boulder Estes Boomerang - Flat-rolling hills with a midsection 25-mile climb. Organizer: Michelle Grainger RUSA Listing Route Map Start: 28th and Iris, Boulder | |
101km
BOULDER |
Boulder Loves Raymond - Flat to rolling hills with one 12-mile climb. Organizer: Michelle Grainger RUSA Listing Start: 28th and Iris, Boulder | |
101km
NIWOT |
Brainard Lake Breeze - A summit at Brainard Lake at 10,000 feet by way of the "SuperJames" climb through James Canyon. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Niwot Rd. & 79th St., Niwot | |
206km
LOUISVILLE |
Carter Lake Cakewalk - Skirting the foothills with visits to Eldorado Springs, Rabbit Mountain, Carter Lake, and Buckhorn! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing RWGPS Map Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
101km
BOULDER |
Carter Lake Casual - Flat to rolling hills and three short switchbacks to Carter Lake Marina. Organizer: Michelle Grainger RUSA Listing Route Map Start: 28th and Iris, Boulder | |
201km
LOUISVILLE |
Central City Cutoff - A challenging climbfest via Lookout Mtn., Central City, and the Peak-to-Peak Hwy. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start : [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
102km
BOULDER |
Cherryvale Cruise - Easy flat route through farmlands. Organizer: Ted Warm RUSA Listing Route Map Start: 55th and Arapahoe, Boulder | |
219km
LOUISVILLE |
Coal Creek Calypso - Extended jaunt on the Peak-to-Peak Highway after climbing Coal Creek Canyon and then descending Big Thompson! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
340km
LOUISVILLE |
Coffee Cup Classic - Classic out-and-back that climbs from Superior to Copper Mountain Ski Area -- with many possible stops along the way for coffee and pastry. Ride ascends Loveland Pass (11,990') twice and a pre-dawn start is advised! Organizer: Catherine Shenk RUSA Listing Map Route Start : [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
307km
BOULDER |
Continental Double Cross - A scenic climbing challenge, crossing the Continental Divide twice, in a grand loop from Boulder's back door. Mountain bike or cross-bike recommended. Organizer: None. Adopt a route. RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Baseline at Foothills | |
210km
LOUISVILLE |
Drake Doubleback - A plains and foothills loop with a spur up Big Thompson Canyon. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start : [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
204km
BOULDER |
Fun Frolic to Fraser - An out-and-back over Rollins Pass, net downhill on the return! Travels on dirt roads over a high mountain pass crossing the continental divide and providing excellent views of Long Peak and many other high peaks. Contact organizer to obtain important notes on route. Organizer: Catherine Shenk RUSA Listing Route Map Route Detail (Magnolia) Route Detail (Rollins Pass) Start: Eben G. Fine Park, Boulder | |
210km
LOUISVILLE |
Glen Haven Gallivant -The big climb up St. Vrain Canyon tops out at Wind River Pass at 9,100 ft. before plunging into Estes Park, past the Lumpy Range, and down the Devil's Gulch switchbacks. If you're in season, you can treat yourself to cinnamon rolls at the Glen Haven Store! Visual Guide by Susan Plonsky originally appearing in American Randonneur Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Winter Route - Between Labor Day and Memorial Day, the Meeker Park Lodge store is closed, so we use an info control. Ditto for the Glen Haven General Store (closed late October to mid-May). A store control in Estes Park is added, for shelter and sustenance. Winter Map Winter Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
210km
LOUISVILLE |
Golden Gate Gadabout - Golden Gate Canyon climb plus a healthy dose of the Peak-to-Peak Hwy and spurs to Eldora and Rabbit Mountain! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
1200km
LOUISVILLE |
Haute Route - Trail Ridge - Independence Pass - Loveland Pass and lots more! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Route Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
200km
LOUISVILLE |
James Canyon Jaunt - A plains and foothills course: climbs Lefthand and James Canyon to Jamestown, then north to Masonville and east to Erie. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Route Counterclockwise Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
206km
LOUISVILLE |
Kersey Kick - A plains foray in Boulder, Weld and Larimer Counties, visiting Kersey and Hudson. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Brevet Map Brevet Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville We are using the Kersey Kick 200k Brevet route as of this writing, because of construction detours. | |
204km
LOUISVILLE |
Lefthand Lark -A climb up Lefthand Canyon after a Plains warmup. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
604km
LOUISVILLE |
Lefthand Longshot - Based on the Lefthand Canyon 400k and Kersey Kick 200k (and permanent). Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
100km
BOULDER |
Lyons-Berthoud Bump-Along - A gentle sojourn through rolling Boulder and Larimer Counties -- available year 'round except in wintry conditions. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route. Start: East Boulder Rec Center | |
1216km
LOUISVILLE |
North Park Noodle - A pleasant, scenic, and quiet tour of the northern Colorado Rocky Mountins plus the Wyoming Snowy Range. NOTE: There are four permanents comprising segments of this one. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
101km
NIWOT |
Peaceful Valley Promenade - A climb up St. Vrain Canyon through Raymond to Peaceful Valley Ranch and back. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Niwot Rd. & 79th St., Niwot | |
101km
BOULDER |
Peak-to-Peak Pursuit - Ride up to the Peak to Peak Highway for some great scenery. Organizer: Ted Warm RUSA Listing Start: Broadway and Rosewood, Boulder | |
205km
LOUISVILLE |
Platteville Poke-Along - A plains and foothills loop in Boulder, Weld and Larimer counties, visiting Platteville, Masonville, and Lyons. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Ride With GPS Map Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
354km
LOUISVILLE |
Poudre Canyon Perambulation A long, leisure climb up Poudre Canyon and down into North Park. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 1 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
108km
LOUISVILLE |
Rabbit Mountain Romp - A foothills-skirting jaunt punctuated with short climbs, visiting Eldorado Springs and Rabbit Mountain. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Ride-with-GPS Map Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
205km
LOUISVILLE |
Roggen Roundabout - A deep dive into the Eastern Plains! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
200km
LOUISVILLE |
Squaw Pass Scramble - A hill-climber's delight, with 7-mile climb on Omigod Road, and views of the continental divide! Louisville to Golden, Echo Lake Park and back via the Peak to Peak. Organizer: Catherine Shenk RUSA Listing Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
210km
LOUISVILLE |
Stove Prairie Saunter - The stairstep climb to Stove Prairie and back, after a warm-up to Masonville. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
206km
LOUISVILLE |
Windsor Wanderer - A shallow dive into the Eastern Plains! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Clockwise: Map Route Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
DENVER | ||
208km
DENVER | Deer Trail Dance - Ride the rollers to the home of the first rodeo. Organizer: Brent Myers RUSA Listing Start: 300 S. Quebec, Denver | |
775km
DENVER | Denver - Lincoln - Capital to Capital Ride from Denver to Lincoln. Organizer: Spencer Klaassen RUSA Listing Start: Denver | |
203km
DENVER | Evergreen Escapade - A climbing-intensive ride that starts close to downtown Denver and loops around the nearby scenic foothills and mountains. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map (north) Map (south) Route Start: DENVER, Starbucks at Speer & Federal | |
200km
DENVER | Kastle Rock Kaboom - Trail system mixed with road around Castle Rock. Some dirt segments. Organizer: Brent Myers RUSA Listing Start : DENVER: 300 S. Quebec | |
FT. COLLINS | ||
200km
FT. COLLINS | Manhatten Express - A scenic and challenging 200Km route exploring Front Range backroads west of Fort Collins, CO. This mountainous route, available May-October weather permitting, starts in Fort Collins at 5,000 ft, features over 9,000 ft of climbing on unpaved surfaces, the remote beauty of Pennock Pass, Pingree Park and Red Feather Lakes, and a maximum altitude of approximately 9,200 ft. This route can experience extreme weather. Please consider your tire choice (28C or wider recommended), and equipment accordingly. Organizer: William deRosset RUSA Listing Route Map Start: 2016 N Whitcomb St, Ft. Collins | |
450km
FT. COLLINS |
Mt. Evans Grimpeur - A 448K mountain adventure from Fort Collins to the top of Mt. Evans via the Peak-to-Peak Highway and Oh My God Road. Organizer: William deRosset RUSA Listing Map Route Start: The Bean Cycle Shop, Ft. Collins | |
216km
FT. COLLINS | Red Dirt Randonnée Borderlands Cruise - A backroads trek in the Virginia Dale area and Wyoming borderlands, with extended dirt sections. Over 8,500 ft of climbing. Organizer: William deRosset RUSA Listing Route and Summary Route w/ downtown start Detailed Description Start: The Bean Cycle Shop, Ft. Collins | |
204km
LONGMONT |
Rist Canyon Rendezvous - Climb up Rist Canyon after warm-up climbs over Horsetooth Reservoir and lower Poudre Canyon. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: I-25 Exit 243 (Jct. Co. Hwy. 66) | |
GOLDEN | ||
601km
GOLDEN |
Aspirations Attaining Aspen - A route through central Colorado that ascends several mountain passes including Loveland Pass (twice), Fremont Pass, Independence Pass and Vail Pass. Organizer: Catherine Shenk RUSA Listing Map Route Start : [GOLDEN] Washington St. at Hwy. 93 | |
318km
GOLDEN |
Grand Loop Git-Along - The classic Grand Loop mountain escapade, counterclockwise over Trail Ridge Road and Berthoud Pass - highest elevation 12,183 ft. at tundra level. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Route Map Detail Maps: Golden Golden detail Boulder Lyons-RMNP Berthoud Pass Clear Creek Start: [GOLDEN] 10th and Ford | |
SOUTHERN / SW COLORADO | ||
207km 210km COLO. CITY WALSENBURG |
Bishop Castle - Southern Colorado loop around Greenhorn Mountain. From plains to mountains, desert to pine forest. Pass Bishop Castle in San Isabel Forest. Organizer: Cathy Cramer RUSA Listing (Colorado City start - 207km) RUSA Listing (Walsenburg start - 210km) For lots more info, including maps and cue sheets, see Cathy's Info | |
200km
RATON, NM. |
Capulin Volcano - Rural New Mexico route with a short jaunt into Colorado. Visits Capulin Volcano National Monument. Organizer: Cathy Cramer RUSA Listing For lots more info, including maps and cue sheets, see Cathy's Info | |
104km
CUCHARA LA VETA |
Stonewall Populaire - Colorado's Scenic Highway of Legends (State Hwy 12) between La Veta and Stonewall. Cuchara or La Veta start. Organizer: Cathy Cramer RUSA Listing (La Veta) RUSA Listing (Cuchara) For lots more info, including maps and cue sheets, see Cathy's Info | |
210km
CUCHARA LA VETA TRINIDAD |
Highway of Legends - Colorado's Scenic Highway of Legends (State Hwy 12) between La Veta and Trinidad. Cuchara, La Veta, or Trinidad start. Organizer: Cathy Cramer RUSA Listing (Cuchara) RUSA Listing (La Veta) RUSA Listing (Trinidad) For lots more info, including maps and cue sheets, see Cathy's Info | |
201km
DURANGO |
Bear's Brother's Blues - A loop through the southern Ute reservation that traverses past many of the settings of Hal Borland's novel "When the Legends Die." Organizer: Gary Freeman RUSA Listing Route Map Map Link | |
201km
DURANGO |
Kokopelli's Klimb - An out-and-back route from Durango that explores the mesa top loops in Mesa Verde National Monument. Organizer: Gary Freeman RUSA Listing Route Map Map Link | |
204km
DURANGO |
Phelps Durango Fandango - A loop route south from Durango based on a former brevet route designed by Val and Robin Phelps. Organizer: Gary Freeman RUSA Listing Map Route | |
MOUNTAINS | ||
233km
WALDEN |
Cameron Pass Caprice - A brief climb to Cameron Pass and long descent of the Poudre Canyon. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 4 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Walden | |
212km
FALCON |
High Plains Pedaler - Falcon-Limon-Kiowa: Rolling plains excursion north and east of Falcon CO, starting at 6,872 feet, low point at 5,377 feet (Limon), high point 7,306 feet. Organizer: Vernon Smith RUSA Listing Map Route Start: Falcon (Safeway Parking Lot behind gas station. US-24 at Woodman Rd.) | |
428km
GRAND JUNCTION | Rocky Mountain High - Direct route that traverses two 11,000 ft. passes crossing the Rocky Mountains. Organizer: Brent Myers RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: [Grand Junction] Amtrak Station | |
317km
SARATOGA, WY |
Snowy Range Scamper - A transit of the dramatic Snowy Range plus Muddy Pas and Rabbit Ears Pass. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 2 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Saratoga, WY | |
222km
SARATOGA, WY |
Snowy Range Snippet - A transit of the dramatic Snowy Range to the heart of North Park. NOTE: This permanent comprises part of stage 2 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Saratoga, WY | |
206km
FRISCO |
Vail Pass Volley - Climb out and back over Vail Pass, with some serene Eagle Valley miles to Gypsum in between. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map Route Start: Main St. and 3rd Ave., Frisco | |
200km
VAIL |
VGV - Vail - Glenwood Spring - Vail - A year-round ride from Vail to Glenwood Springs and, if you have time, you can visit the hot springs for a soak before returning. Note there is typically a tail wind on the return. Organizer: Catherine Shenk RUSA Listing Map Route | |
310km
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS |
Willow Creek Wayfarer - Quiet climbs over Gore Pass and Willow Creek Pass to North Park moose country. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 3 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Steamboat Springs, CO | |
NORTH PARK NOODLE & SEGMENTS | ||
1216km
LOUISVILLE |
North Park Noodle - A pleasant, scenic, and quiet tour of the northern Colorado Rocky Mountins plus the Wyoming Snowy Range. NOTE: There are four permanents comprising segments of this one. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
354km
LOUISVILLE |
Poudre Canyon Perambulation A long, leisure climb up Poudre Canyon and down into North Park. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 1 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: [LSVL] Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
317km
SARATOGA, WY |
Snowy Range Scamper - A transit of the dramatic Snowy Range plus Muddy Pas and Rabbit Ears Pass. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 2 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Saratoga, WY | |
222km
SARATOGA, WY |
Snowy Range Snippet - A transit of the dramatic Snowy Range to the heart of North Park. NOTE: This permanent comprises part of stage 2 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Saratoga, WY | |
310km
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS |
Willow Creek Wayfarer - Quiet climbs over Gore Pass and Willow Creek Pass to North Park moose country. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 3 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Steamboat Springs, CO | |
233km
WALDEN |
Cameron Pass Caprice - A brief climb to Cameron Pass and long descent of the Poudre Canyon. NOTE: This permanent comprises stage 4 of the North Park Noodle. Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Map and Route Sheet: Contact Organizer. Start: Walden | |
HAUTE ROUTE & COLORADO MOUNTAIN SIX PACK | ||
1200km
LOUISVILLE |
Haute Route - Trail Ridge - Independence Pass - Loveland Pass and lots more! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Route Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
215km
LOUISVILLE |
Trail Ridge 200 - Louisville to Kremmling via Trail Ridge Road through Rocky Mountain National Park (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack)! Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
201km
KREMMLING |
Vail Ten 200 - Kremmling to Leadville via Vail Pass and Tennessee Pass (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack). Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Start: Kremmling | |
236km
LEADVILLE |
Independence 200 - Leadville to Paonia via Independence Pass and McClure Pass (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack). Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Start: Dillon at McCaslin Blvd., Louisville | |
208km
PAONIA |
Black and Blue 200 - Paonia to Gunnison via Black Canyon of the Gunnison and Blue Mesa (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack). Organizer: Andy Albershardt RUSA Listing Start: Paonia | |
202km
GUNNISON |
King Trout 200 - Gunnison to Fairplay via Monarch Pass and Trout Creek Pass (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack). Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Start: Gunnison | |
205km
FAIRPLAY |
Hoosier Love 200 - Fairplay to Louisville via Hoosier Pass and Loveland Pass (part of the Colorado Mountain Six Pack). Organizer: John Lee Ellis RUSA Listing Start: Fairplay |
Permanent Details
216km
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The Bean Cycle Shop, Ft. Collins | Red Dirt Randonnée Borderlands Cruise - This scenic and challenging 200K route prominently features the remote beauty and rugged terrain of the Virginia Dale area northwest of Fort Collins, Colorado. Begin downtown at The Bean Cycle and head north through Irrigation Lake Country, with a jaunt around Deadman Butte to The Forks at Livermore, where world-renown cinnamon rolls await. Once adequately fueled, begin the extended climb into the Laramie Mountains to the Red Feather Lakes, swoop across the Prairie Divide, then dash up to the Wyoming Border and return to the Forks. Finally steal down Horsethief Pass via Owl Canyon and head back into town for a much-deserved coffee and treat at The Bean Cycle (144 North College Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521).
Please come prepared for extreme weather, 68mi of upaved (dirt) roads, and moderately hilly to slightly mountainous terrain. The ride organizer recommends taking extra supplies and using 28mm or wider section tires. Maximum elevation is around 8,300 ft at Red Feather Lakes, with about 40mi of riding above 7,000 ft. This route has over 9,000 ft of climbing. Consider your gearing. NOTE: Riding the course in the opposite direction is a permitted option. |